Analysis of E-commerce innovation and impact: a hypercube model

Electronic commerce (E-commerce) innovating applications have posed novel, technical, organizational and commercial challenges. This study uses a hypercube model to investigate these innovative changes and focuses on their impacts on E-commerce stakeholders: providers, E-commerce companies, customers, and complementors. The results indicate that mobile commerce (M-commerce) differs substantially from Web-based commerce in some technological components, yet both share common business model. However, from Web-based to M-commerce, innovation is architectural for customers and E-commerce companies, but a radical change for complementors. From M-commerce to Ucommerce, innovation is modular to customers, architectural to complementors and radical to E-commerce companies and providers. Thereafter, the critical impacts of E-commerce innovations on the stakeholders are identified. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.